Religious and Artistic Sites of Venice Essay -- Place Geography Italy

Religious and Artistic Sites of Venice The masterpieces of four visual artists, Bellini (1430-1516), Titian (1485-1576), Tintoretto (1518-1594), and Tiepolo (1696-1770), dominate the religious and artistic sites found in the island city of Venice. The city is divided into six districts. Each contains historical sites, however, the most notable are located in the districts of San Marco, San Polo, and Dorsoduro that border the Grand Canal. The artistic and religious sites of Venice are appreciated as part of the island?s historical past, as well as infused in its everyday present. One symbol of the importance of art in Venetian life is the lion of Venice. The lion honors the patron saint of Venice, St. Mark. It can be seen in many different poses including a peaceful, playful stance, an impassive guard, a majestic, stately lion, or even a forceful, warlike lion. The lion, like art and religion, reflects the spirit of Venice. San Marco District Saint Mark?s Basilica Since 830 AD, the basilica has housed the bones of St. Mark which were taken from Alexandria, Egypt and given at the Port of Olivolo to the D oge Giustiniano Particiaco. Mosaics in the basilica depict this event as bones being hidden under barrels of pork to keep Muslims away. Mark was patron saint of Alexandria and then became patron saint of Venice. The emblem of the patron saint is the winged lion with a sword and a book with the words Pax Tibi Marce Evangelista Meus, Peace to You, Oh Mark, My Evangelist. The church was built with eastern inspiration with its oriental domes and lustrous mosaics. This is an example of the connection between Venice and Byzantium, which protected Venice from Charlemagne and the Holy Roman Empire. The church contains four thousand sq... ...artistic sites of Venice leave a lasting impression for all who visit. Works Cited Crivellari, Domenico, and Maria Da Villa Urbani, eds. Basilica di San Marco. Procuratoria di San Marco Venezia. 2003. Girard-Sharp, Lisa, et al. Venice. New York: APA Publications, 1999. Openshaw, Gene, and Rick Steves, eds. Venice 2004. California: Avalon Travel, 2003. Peggy Guggenheim Collection. The Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation, 2003. Pioch, Nicolas. ?Titian.? WebMuseum, Paris. 2002. Pioch, Nicolas. ?Bellini.? WebMuseum, Paris. 2002. Rossi, Gerald. ?Il Tintoretto.? Catholic Encyclopedia. 2003. Steves, Rick. Italy 2002. California: Avalon Travel, 2002. Religious and Artistic Sites of Venice Essay -- Place Geography Italy Religious and Artistic Sites of Venice The masterpieces of four visual artists, Bellini (1430-1516), Titian (1485-1576), Tintoretto (1518-1594), and Tiepolo (1696-1770), dominate the religious and artistic sites found in the island city of Venice. The city is divided into six districts. Each contains historical sites, however, the most notable are located in the districts of San Marco, San Polo, and Dorsoduro that border the Grand Canal. The artistic and religious sites of Venice are appreciated as part of the island?s historical past, as well as infused in its everyday present. One symbol of the importance of art in Venetian life is the lion of Venice. The lion honors the patron saint of Venice, St. Mark. It can be seen in many different poses including a peaceful, playful stance, an impassive guard, a majestic, stately lion, or even a forceful, warlike lion. The lion, like art and religion, reflects the spirit of Venice. San Marco District Saint Mark?s Basilica Since 830 AD, the basilica has housed the bones of St. Mark which were taken from Alexandria, Egypt and given at the Port of Olivolo to the D oge Giustiniano Particiaco. Mosaics in the basilica depict this event as bones being hidden under barrels of pork to keep Muslims away. Mark was patron saint of Alexandria and then became patron saint of Venice. The emblem of the patron saint is the winged lion with a sword and a book with the words Pax Tibi Marce Evangelista Meus, Peace to You, Oh Mark, My Evangelist. The church was built with eastern inspiration with its oriental domes and lustrous mosaics. This is an example of the connection between Venice and Byzantium, which protected Venice from Charlemagne and the Holy Roman Empire. The church contains four thousand sq... ...artistic sites of Venice leave a lasting impression for all who visit. Works Cited Crivellari, Domenico, and Maria Da Villa Urbani, eds. Basilica di San Marco. Procuratoria di San Marco Venezia. 2003. Girard-Sharp, Lisa, et al. Venice. New York: APA Publications, 1999. Openshaw, Gene, and Rick Steves, eds. Venice 2004. California: Avalon Travel, 2003. Peggy Guggenheim Collection. The Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation, 2003. Pioch, Nicolas. ?Titian.? WebMuseum, Paris. 2002. Pioch, Nicolas. ?Bellini.? WebMuseum, Paris. 2002. Rossi, Gerald. ?Il Tintoretto.? Catholic Encyclopedia. 2003. Steves, Rick. Italy 2002. California: Avalon Travel, 2002.

Case Study Medici Restaurant Essay

In the first question of the Medici Mediterranean Restaurant case study, it asks if there are any other options that Alissa might consider solving this problem. There are many other options that are not listed in the study that Alissa could exercise in this scenario to make Guido focus more on his job. In this particular case, the head chef Guido has not been through business school like the owner Alissa has. Guido lacks the business skills that are imperative to keep a business well and running, leading to recurring late payments of bills and invoices, deliveries of product that are not on time, and a non qualified wait staff that is hurting the business. Guido’s focus is in the kitchen and it has become a struggle for him to balance being a head chef, cooking food for numerous customers every day, and being a successful manager. In Medici II, there is a lack of wait staff that does no help to Guido, putting extra stress on him to perform to his best abilities as a chef. Guid o’s job is to ensure quality food keeping customers, while managing the entire floor of the restaurant, all while keeping Alissa happy. One option that Alissa may consider would to put her experience of business school to use and to take on the entire business side of both restaurant locations. Meaning to find a distributor that delivers product quick and on time, eliminating the need to change the popular menu items. Alissa would have to take on all invoices and bills in both restaurants, reducing what Guido’s job entails, leading him to focus more on being a chef, rather than a manager. Alissa would also have to decide which of the wait staff at Medici II is worth keeping, and fire the ones that are undisciplined. Hiring a wait staff that has experience in the restaurant business would benefit both Alissa and Guido and increase the profits in both restaurants because of an increase in efficiency. A more experienced wait staff would take stress off of Guido while he was in the kitchen, and would help him focus more on getting meals out to customers. Another option that Alissa may be able to exercise would be hiring an assistant chef for Guido, who has experience aiding to a head chef. This option would leave Guido with more time for taking care of the business side of the restaurant, such as bills and invoices, deliveries, and the wait staff. It will also give Guido more time during work hours to keep up appearances with customers, which come to the restaurant to see Guido, and eat the food that he prepares. With an assistant chef for Guido, revenue will increase again due to a rise in production output. The aid of an assistant chef giving Guido more time in the business, would lead Alissa to be able to stay at the original Medici location, minimizing the trips that she would have to take to the Medici II location. Helping her focus more on the issues that arise in the original location. The second question of the Medici Mediterranean Restaurant is to evaluate each alternative of the case carefully and to choose one that I think would be the best for this case. The first alternative option in the case is to maintain the status quo that Alissa already has in her businesses. This option entails Alissa and Guido sitting down and discussing a more manageable plan for handling office administration details at the Medici II loc ation. In this option Alissa considers the idea of hiring a full time employee to assist Guido with business details, but Alissa is not sure she will be able to afford another full time employee at this time. This option is not the one that I would choose for Alissa to exercise in her business. Sitting down in a non-confrontational manner and discussing the administrative side of the business and future of Medici II with Guido would be a step in the right direction, but would not get anything executed. Alissa has already talked to Guido about his work ethic and Guido has always promised Alissa to do better. The relationship between Guido and Alissa is obviously not working. In this option, it says that she will try to figure out his future plans, meaning she would wait to see if he is going to open a restaurant himself or not. This option is wasting valuable time for Alissa, time that she can be putting toward training a new head chef and manager for her business. The second option would be to discipline or fire Guido. This option entails that Guido has been repeating the same problems that have been addressed on previous occasions. Alissa is worried that firing Guido would put her business in a competition with Guido if he decided to open his own restaurant. With no guarantee that Guido would open a business in the area of Medici, Alissa still thinks that disciplinary steps are futile. This is the option that I would choose. The problems have been adding up for Guido as an employee of Alissa. The business is losing money and it is at the point where something needs to change. Alissa needs to cut ties with Guido, and hire a chef that is responsible in making business decisions and skilled in cooking Mediterranean cuisine. If Alissa does not fire Guido, Medici II will eventually fail as a business, causing a major set back financially for Alissa. Alissa needs to take this risk of firing Guido, and not worry if Guido will open a restaurant, for that will focus her on everything but what actually needs to be done in her business. At this time in her business, there are more important issues that need to be taken care of, and keeping Guido at the current position would take away time that could be used toward finding a new head chef and manager that may very well be a better employee than Guido.

John Stuart Mill s Utilitarian Ethics - 1795 Words

John Stuart Mill s Utilitarian Throughout Philosophy, morality is a central theme. Although each scholar views the definition of morality differently, the goal of people to be better and think for themselves is the main focus. Many philosophers have defined and categorized utilitarianism in different ways. In normative ethics, Jeremy Bentham believes an action is right if it promotes happiness and wrong if it produces the reverse of happiness but not just the happiness of a person who performed the action but also everyone that was affected by it (Duignan). Utilitarianism is the view that the morally right action is the action that has the most good (Driver). The foundation of morality in utilitarianism comes from utility or intrinsic value (Skorupski 256). In utilitarianism actions are evaluated by their utility instead of intrinsic properties of the actions (Skorupski 256). Utilitarianism says certain acts are right or wrong in themselves making us perform them or do not do them at all. On the contrary, concepts of the good go hand and hand with that of rights and obligation causing obligation to be determined by intrinsic value (Skorupski 256). John Stuart Mill theory of utilitarianism reveals what is utilitarianism, the morality, proof of validity, and the connection between justice and utility in the study of thinking. John Stuart Mill was influenced to study utilitarianism by his father James Mill who was a close friend to Bentham (Schefczyk). Mill’s father madeShow MoreRelatedJohn Stuart Mill s On Liberty And Utilitarianism Essay2257 Words   |  10 PagesThis essay examines and inspects liberty and order conflict based on the writings of philosopher John Stuart Mill, titled On Liberty and Utilitarianism. We will discuss how his philosophical views on equality as fundamental to what it means to be human. We will interpret John Stuart Mill’s theorist view on equality as fundamental to the good or bad functioning of the state? The question and debate we would also raise will be, is equality be integral the arrangements of power? Lastly, we wouldRead More Immanuel Kants Ethics Of Pure Duty and John Stuart Mills Utilitarian Ethics Of Justice2753 Words   |  12 PagesImmanuel Kants The Grounding For The Metaphysics of Morals and John Stuart Mills Utilitarianism Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill are philosophers who addressed the issues of morality in terms of how moral traditions are formed. Immanuel Kant has presented one viewpoint in The Grounding For The Metaphysics of Morals that is founded on his belief that the worth of man is inherent in his ability to reason. John Stuart Mill holds another opinion as presented in the book, Utilitarianism thatRead MoreAn Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation by Jeremey Bentham.1026 Words   |  5 Pagescalled â€Å"Hedonic Calculus† to carry out the theory of Utilitarianism. John Stewart Mill a student of Bentham is a philosopher from the 1800’s, who loved to be on the levels of political philosophy. Growing up he was hugely influenced by Jeremy Bentham. This influence had a great turn in his life, as he began to focus and study the theory called â€Å"Utiltranisim†. In 1863, Mill wrote a book called Utilitarianism. In this book Mill showed different ideas and different things that he did not agree withRead MoreSimilarity Between Religion And Utilitarianism813 Words   |  4 Pagesand utilitarian, religion is not utilitarian. The basic idea of utilitarianism is hat actions are judged according to their consequences and the relevant consequence of every action is happiness. There is a similarity between religion and utilitarianism. For example, love includes wanting happiness and religious principles such as loving others the way you love yourself and doing to others what you expect them to you are founded on utilitarian principles. The ult imate goal for a utilitarian is happinessRead MoreKant And Mill On Animal Ethics Essay1365 Words   |  6 PagesIn this essay I will begin by explaining the overall views of Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill, then compare and contrast the ideas and philosophies of Kant and Mill on Animal Ethics. I believe that Kant, the deontologist, will not care as much about the duty/responsibility between humans and animals as Mill, the utilitarian, who will see the extreme importance of animal ethics. After studying and explaining the views and teachings of these two philosophers I will see if my thesis was correct,Read MoreComparing Aristotle And John Stuart Mill1130 Words   |  5 PagesKearney PHIL 231: Ethics 28 April 2015 Essay 2 Comparisons on Pleasure in Morality The role of pleasure in morality has been examined thoroughly throughout the beginning of philosophy and continues to be a questionable issue. With these in-depth examinations, some similar outlooks as well as differing views have been recorded. Many philosophers have dissected this important topic, however I intend to concentrate of the famous works of Aristotle, Immanuel Kant, and John Stuart Mill. After meticulouslyRead MoreArgument For Criticizing Utilitarianism And Deontology1138 Words   |  5 PagesBenny Mutoni Ethics Society Instructor: Joseph John Argument for criticizing utilitarianism and deontology In this paper, I will discuss various ethical courses of action during ethical dilemmas. I will be examining how utilitarians and deontologists use different approaches to solve ethical dilemmas, by citing the text â€Å"Doing Ethics: Moral Reasoning and Contemporary Issues† and views of philosophers such as John Stuart Mill, Immanuel Kant and Jeremy Bentham. Using these, I will develop an argumentRead MoreWhat Is Utilitarianism And The Moral Principles That Govern A Person s Or Group s Behavior )944 Words   |  4 Pagesmeaning of life, etc. (Merriam-Webster). Philosophy can be subdivided into five categories: epistemology, logic, metaphysic, ethic, and aesthetic. These major areas of study has their importance in philosophy, but in this essay I will be reviewing a sub-field in ethics (the moral principles that govern a person s or group s behavior) called, Utilitarianism. John Stuart Mill, a British philosopher, defines Utilitarianism as a moral theory in such that, actions are right in proportion as they tendRead MoreThe Ethics Of Care : An Argument Against Mill s Utilitarianism922 Words   |  4 PagesIn Support of Held’s Ethics of Care: An Argument Against Mill’s Utilitarianism in Crime and Punishment by Fyodor Dostoevsky This ethics study will define the problem of utilitarianism in the â€Å"ethics of care proposed by Virginia Held (2006) within the literary context of Crime and Punishment by Fyodor Dostoevsky. Held (2006) defines the problem of utilitarian ethics as an abstraction of emotions in moral issues, which alienates the individual in the care process. This method denies the premiseRead MoreUtilitarianism : A Philosophical Concept That Was Taught By John Stuart Mill931 Words   |  4 PagesJoseph Morrone Dr. Kaspar Ethics 13 March 2016 Utilitarianism is a philosophical concept that was taught by John Stuart Mill in which he explains that every person always act and make decisions that maximize their utility. Mill gave a clear explanation that utilitarian often aim at maximizing utility because it is morally right. All actions that individuals perform in their own initiatives are to make their lives better in the long run. This essay is aimed at explaining the way in which utilitarianism

Historical And Scholarly Movement Of The 18th And 17th...

In the 16th and 17th century many great unknown and known artist have made many works of art that can still be seen today. During the 16th century, the renaissance was a cultural and scholarly movement that started out in Italy during the middle ages and later spreading across Europe. Some artists from this era include Michelangelo, Leonardo Di Vinci, and Raphael. During the early 17th century the Baroque Period changed the way artist make their works. Baroque artwork is mainly a change in paintings mostly, most paintings from this century shows great detail and gives the viewer an intense viewing experience. But both centuries have very different artwork and some have some similarities. The Mona Lisa was from the renaissance era and was probably one of the most famous paintings ever done by Leonardo Di Vinci. It’s a portrait of a woman said to be the wife of Francesco Giocondo. Mona Lisa facial expression has been called â€Å"enigmatic† because her gentle smile is no t accompanied by the warmth one would expect to see in her eyes. The portrait itself was oil painted on poplar wood panel, after finishing the painting Di Vinci partly covers the painting with a thin, lightly tinted varnish, which helped create the effect of an overall smoky haze, or sfumato which pretty much is allowing tones and colors to shade gradually into one another. The portrait is about 2 6 x 1 9 (77 cm x 53 cm) in size and is in the original wooden frame. The colors that used in the painting areShow MoreRelatedEnlightenment Is Not True That Madness Before The Enlightenment3093 Words   |  13 Pagesenlightenment is understood in primarily religious terms? Origin of Enlightenment During the enlightenment period, fact named itself in a manner that would later enlighten compatriots. The Enlightenment was one of rare movements in human history associated with 17th and 18th century. Scholars argue that it begun back primarily in Paris and London. This period was to see a great positive shift in tyranny, ignorance, superstition and to build a good reputation in the world(Macdonald, 1981). With thisRead MoreBorrowings from Russian in English7420 Words   |  30 Pagescontact with in Russian or Soviet territory. Compared to other source languages, very few of the words borrowed into English come from Russian.[1] Direct borrowing first began with contact between England and Russia in the 16th century and picked up heavily in the 20th century with the establishment of the Soviet Union as a major world power.[2] Most of them are used to denote things and notions specific to Russia, Russian culture, politics, history, especially well-known outside Russia. Some othersRead MoreLiterary Group in British Poetry5631 Words   |  23 PagesThe history of English poetry stretches from the middle of the 7th century to the present day. Over this period, English poets have written some of the most enduring poems in Western culture, and the language and its poetry have spread around the globe. Consequently, the term English poetry is unavoidably ambiguous. It can mean poetry written in England, or poetry written in the English language. The earliest surviving poetry was likely transmitted orally and then written down in versions that doRead MoreThe Importance Of A Development As Helpful As Printing3141 Words   |  13 Pagesstates. Switzerland has a press in the next year. Printing starts in Venice, Paris and Utrecht in 1470, in Spain and Hungary in 1473, in Bruges in 1474 (on a press claimed by Caxton, who moves it to London in 1476), in Sweden in 1483. Before the century s over the art is settled in every European kingdom aside from Russia. Amid the early decades, German printing prevails. A bigger number of books are distributed in Germany than anyplace else (by 1500 there are printers in around sixty German towns);Read MoreMuseums Essays10752 Words   |  44 Pagesinstitution dedicated to helping people understand and appreciate the natural world, the history of civilizations, and the record of humanity’s artistic, scientific, and technological achievements. Museums collect objects of scientific, aesthetic, or historical importance; care for them; and study, interpret, and exhibit them for the purposes of public education and the advancement of knowledge. There are museums in almost every major city in the world and in many smaller communities as well. Museums  offer  many  benefitsRead MoreThe Enlightenment Karl Marx and Max Weber3163 Words   |  13 PagesThe Enlightenment The 17th century was torn by witch-hunts and wars of religion and imperial conquest. Protestants and Catholics denounced each other as followers of Satan, and people could be imprisoned for attending the wrong church, or for not attending any. All publications, whether pamphlets or scholarly volumes, were subject to prior censorship by both church and state, often working hand in hand. Slavery was widely practiced, especially in the colonial plantations of the Western HemisphereRead MoreThe Age of Discovery - Impact on Philippine Culture and Society3786 Words   |  16 Pagesat Manoa and co-sponsored by the Filipino Historical Society of Hawaii. †¢ †¢ †¢ Copyright 1992 FIRST EDmON 1992 SECOND EDmON 1993 CENTER FOR PHILIPPINE STUDlES School of Asian, Hawaiian and Pacific Studies University of Hawaii at Manoa Printed by: Hawaii Correctional Industries †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ The Center for Philippine Studies was originally established as a Program in 1975 to offer an interdisciplinary academic cwriculum on Philippine Studies, promote scholarly research and professional interest in theRead MoreJudy Chicago Dinner Party Essay6539 Words   |  27 PagesCHICAGOS DINNER PARTY A Personal Vision of Womens History JOSEPHINE WITHERS In the fifteenth century, Christine de Pisan dreamt of building an ideal city for eminent and virtuous women, and with the help of her three muses, the sisters Reason, Rectitude, and Justice, she reflected on the many women in history and mythology who might live together in this Cità © des Dames. Almost exactly four centuries later, the American sculptor and feminist Harriet Hosmer envisioned a beautiful temple dedicatedRead MoreLiberal Perspective of a State7979 Words   |  32 Pagesnot openly profess a liberal ideological orientation. Liberalism encompasses several intellectual trends and traditions, but the dominant variants are classical liberalism, which became popular in the eighteenth century, and social liberalism, which became popular in the twentieth century. Liberalism first became a powerful force in the Age of Enlightenment, rejecting several foundational assumptions that dominated most of the earlier theories of government, such as hereditary statusRead MoreLanguage and the Destiny of Man12402 Words   |  50 Pageslogical analysis) and by the ever more privileged position of the reader (intentio lectoris). Both attitudes are related to modern ideologies and to changes which have occurred in the intersubjective lifeworld, especially in the communication of the scholarly and academic world. Keywords: Descartes, hermeneutics, locus obscurus, metaphysics, dualism, substance, body and soul, intersubjectivity Åžtefan Afloroaei 1. Intersubjectivity and interpretation I will start this article by making a relatively straightforward

The Myth Of The Earth - 2163 Words

Scientists have found that the Earth was formed about 4.6 billion years ago by collisions in the giant disc-shaped cloud of material that also formed the Sun. As gravity slowly gathered this gas and dust together into clumps, it became asteroids and small early planets called planetesimals. These objects collided repeatedly and gradually got bigger, building up the planets in the Solar System. Although scientists are very close to answering the question, they still continue to search for the exact answer to how the Earth was created. With all the evidence presented, it is hard to refute from scientific theories. This becomes cumbersome to many religions because in their eyes God has always been the creator of the Earth. That is the case for Christianity, God has always been the creator of the Earth. Before the scientific discoveries were made, Christians had the idea of a young Earth. The belief was that Earth was created by God in six, 24-hour days and less than 10,000 years ago. Th e Young Earth Creationists say the Bible never talks about billions and billions of years ago, so they do not believe the Earth existed that long ago and revert the the Book of Genesis as evidence. Different interpretations of the Book of Genesis lead to the varying thoughts overtime between Young Earth and Old Earth Creationists. The Old Earth Creationists still believe that God created the Earth, but that the process took much longer. They accept what the astronomers and geologists say aboutShow MoreRelatedThe Creation Myths And The Idea Of Earth Being Made Out Of Organic Material1258 Words   |  6 PagesConcerning creation myths, I chose three different motifs that I saw were very common: the idea of humans being made out of organic material, the idea of Earth being made in utter chaos, and the idea of Earth being made of out a body of some kind. Humans had to come from somewhere for us to be here right now. Most creators chose to make humans out of materials that were undernea th their feet. Earth had to come from somewhere, but how was it organized or was it? In many creation myths, we also see a battleRead MoreMyths And Tales Like The Coyote Who Free The Moon Or How People Come Into The Earth985 Words   |  4 Pagesof various myths and tales where they tell origin stories about the why the way certain are and how it becomes. Myths and tales like the coyote who free the moon or how people come into the earth. By looking into some of these myths and tales that are in the American Religious Diversity volume one book, it will explore the Native Americans understanding about the sacred world and their relationship to that sacred world. Also looking at the noticeable differences between how these myths differ fromRead MoreCosmic Creation Myths Across Cultures813 Words   |  4 PagesCosmic Creation Myths across Cultures Paper Selena Siegmund University of Phoenix Hum/105 Cosmic Creation Myths across Cultures Creation is the â€Å"act of producing or the cause to exist† (Dictionary, 2012, pg.1). How the world is created is the big mystery that surrounds the minds of science. Cultures around the world each have interpretations on how the world was created. Creation myths show what represents the sky, earth, and underworld. These myths tell whether the creators where male orRead MoreMyths on Cosmic Creation1114 Words   |  4 PagesEvery person in America has a myth or conviction of truth as to how creation was formed and human beings came into existence. The following are inclusive in creation myths, the first is the Zulu myth found in the continent of Africa, and the other is the myth of Norse originating from Europe. Both myths give a reason as to how creation was formed on earth. Though there are endless amounts of ideas and vast amounts of myths to explore, the focus of these two particular myths brings fascination to a socialRead MoreCosmic Creation Myth Essay896 Words   |  4 PagesCreation Myths across Cultures There are many different beliefs about how the world was created. People believe it happened in different ways. In the world of Zulu the world was just darkness and one very large seed. The seed began to grow. These seeds were called Uthlange, which means the source of all things. The seeds grew slowly and eventually grew into a man. The man grew so big the plant could not keep the man on it so he fell off. Then he walked up and down the land and he saw more men andRead MoreThe Creation Of The World952 Words   |  4 PagesThe Creation from Animals In most cultures and myths most people seems to agree on that the animals and creatures of this world, were here way before humans ever existed. The different ideas of ways of how humans are created are very different but yet most cultures do agree that animals were here before humans. Some of these creation myths also believe that an animal was honored by the creator or God to help create this world. Two creation myths that seem to agree on more things about the creationRead MoreThe And Hopi And Zuni Tribes1741 Words   |  7 PagesThe Earth existed for at least 4.5 billion years before modern humans came into being. The different cultures of the world have different ideas or stories of how humans came to be. The Hopi and Zuni tribes have creation stories that were passed from generation to generation. These stories claim that the world, despite being made before man, is meant to be ruled by and sustain mankind. Daniel Quinn’s novel, Ishmael, imagines its own creation myths to showcase how these stories work and the messagesRead MoreCosmic Paper978 Words   |  4 PagesCosmic Creation Myths Across Taliah Daniels Hum/105 December 19, 2012 GLORIA PUGLIESE Cosmic Creation Myths Across Regarding Creation Although there are a great number of creation myths that are propagated by people of Chinese descent, virtually all of them acknowledge Pan Gu. Those that due generally state that Pan Gu was the first being and that all existence in the universe—especially the earth and the heavens—is comprised of this being. The general story of Pan Gu begins with hisRead Morezulu creation Essay706 Words   |  3 PagesCreation Myths Across Cultures HUM/105 January 8, 2014 Cosmic Creation Myths Across Cultures The study of mythology is used to describe stories from various cultures to describe certain events or pneumonias that may have taken place. Some cultures have changed the myths over time. Never the less, every Culture has its own opinion on the creation of the world. Most of the myths have similarities and differences on how the revolution of the world began. In this paper, the two myths focusedRead MoreIndian And African Culture : Indian Culture931 Words   |  4 PagesAfrican culture both possess creation myths in their cultural background. Indian and African creation myths are world-different, in that they rely on completely different stories of how the universe and the Earth were created. However, a common trait shared among the two cultural creation myths is that of a divine creator, or set of creators. In the Indian culture, and that’s India, not native American indians, the Vedic religion tells the story of the creation myth of Rig Veda. Brown (1942) discusses

Controversial Pornography Essay Example For Students

Controversial Pornography Essay Show a number of different people a simple piece of paper consisting of nothing more than a red blotch of paint and ask them what they see. The responses will vary from objects such as a cherry, to more simply, just plain red paint. This is an indication of the individuality, or sum of qualities that characterize and distinguish an individual from all others, instilled in every human being. Just as facial features and hair color differ among individuals, similar distinctiveness is found among personalities and opinions. Because of prominent variance in belief among many individuals, a number of topics and issues have become controversial in society today. Similar to the varied responses to the red splotch of paint, photographs, video tapes and paintings portraying nudity and sexual content receive a number of clashing opinions. There are artists who paint and photograph nudity and pornography who find the human body and sex portrayed in many forms to be beautiful. However, there are also many extremely conservative individuals who take offense to such artwork and find its contents appalling. And those who enjoy the nudity and sexual content exhibited in pornographic materials should marvel and delight in its details. Those who do not should simply look away. In the words of Justice William O. Douglas, no one is compelled to look (Brownmiller 663). There is no concrete manner to define materials that are obscene or offensive because various images come to mind among individuals when words similar to these are used to describe pornography. To classify a distasteful picture from a beautiful one comes down to a matter of opinion and taste. In previous instances, such as the Miller Case of 1973, the Court attempted to define which materials could be judged as lewd or indecent: The materials are obscene if they depict patently offensive, hard-core sexual conduct; lack serious scientific, literary, artistic, or political value; and appeal to the prurient interests of an average personas measured by contemporary community standards (Brownmiller 662). In accordance with the opinions of Susan Brownmiller in her essay, Lets Put Pornography Back in the Closet, most would agree that description such as patently offensive, prurient interest, and hard-core are indeed words to conjure with (662). Elimination of pornography is not the key to social equality, partly since no one can define what porn is and because censorship is never a simple matter. First, the offense must be described. And how does one define something so infinitely variable, so deeply personal, so uniquely individualized as the image, the word, and the fantasy that cause sexual arousal (Strossen 4)? Pornography cannot be recognized as easily as the Court involved with the Miller Case implied. Contemporary community standards do not exist in that individuals and families alike have strongly different ideals and ethics on issues such as sexual content, nudity and pornography. While some parents allow their children to view rated R movies containing sexual content and nudi ty, others restrict their children from attending sexual education classes in high school. Finding a median between two strongly differing standards similar to these would be rare. Thus, to accept or reject, like or dislike pornography is a personal opinion that is often too divided to differentiate. Besides the difficulties of definition, there are varying degrees of intensity in the porn images themselves. One of the more prominent arguments against pornography is that it represents the hatred of women, that pornographys intent is to humiliate, degrade and dehumanize the female body for the purpose of erotic stimulation and pleasure (Brownmiller 663). Although in some instances women are portrayed as being stripped, bound, raped and tortured in pornographic scenes, not all pornography is this explicit and violent. In any case, the intent of such scenes is not to degrade and dehumanize the entire female gender but to simply satisfy those individuals who enjoy poses and pictures con taining such violent erotic content. Brownmiller argues that these images of violent pornography have everything to do with the creation of a cultural climate in which a rapist feels he is merely giving in to normal urge and a woman is encouraged to believe that sexual masochism is healthy, liberated fun (663). Women such as Brownmiller who

Accounting For Managers Bonanza Handtools LTD Proposal

Question: (1)Bonza Handtools Ltd. manufactures a popular power drill suitable for the home renovator. Financial and other data for this product for the last twelve months are as follows : Sales 20000 units Selling price $130 per unit Variable manufacturing cost $50 per unit Fixed manufacturing costs $400000 Variable selling and administrative costs $30 per unit Fixed selling and administrative costs $300000. The directors of Bonza Ltd. want to try to increase the profitability of this product and invited senior staff to suggest how this might be done. Three suggestions have been received. The accountant, Jan Rossi, believes that a price increase of $10 per unit is the best way to boost profits. She would spend an additional $125000 on national advertising and contends, that if this is done, sales volume would not drop appreciably from last year. The production manager, Tom Tune, thinks that an improved quality product could increase sales volume by 25% if accompanied by an advertising campaign costing $50000 aimed at tradespeople as well as home renovators. The improved quality would add $5 per unit to the variable cost. Mr Tune believes that the price should not be increased. The sales manager, Mary Watson, wants to undertake a promotion campaign where a $10 rebate is offered on all drills sold during the three months beginning 1 April. Normally 6000 units are sold during that period and Ms Watson believes that this could be boosted to 10000 units if an advertising campaign costing $40000 were launched late in March. You have been asked by the Bonza board to comment on each of these three proposals. Draft a report in response to this request. You are not asked to make an outright choice, but rather to analyse the potential strengths and weaknesses. The sales volumes forecast by each staff member should be treated as estimates only and your report should examine the effects of variations in actual sales from these forecasts. Give figures to support your comments and mention qualitative factors that may also be involved. (2). The Tassie Company estimates that next year it will manufacture and sell 150000 units of its product. On the basis of that level of activity, it has budgeted for the following costs and prices per unit: Direct Material Cost $2.50 Direct Labour Cost 3.00 Variable Factory Overhead 1.50 Fixed Factory Overhead 2.00 Manufacturing Cost 9.00 Variable Selling and Administrative Cost 2.00 Fixed Selling and Administrative Cost 1.50 Total Cost 12.50 20% Mark-up 2.50 Selling Price $15.00 The Company has an opportunity to bid for the supply of an additional 40000 units of its product to a government department. No sales commission (variable selling and admin. cost) is involved and no additional fixed costs will be incurred. Give a reasoned opinion on the level of the bid that should be made in each of the following two circumstances: (i) The capacity of the Tassie Company's factory is 200000 units per year. (ii) The capacity of the factory is only 180000 units per year. (3)Critically discuss the following statements: Word limit for Question 3 - 750 words a budget is a forecast of what is expected to happen in a business during the next year budgets are okay but they stifle all initiative. No manager would work for a business that applies control through budgets. any sensible person would start with the sales budget and build up the other budgets from there. a budget trying to be realistic will not motivate best performance. only adverse variances are worth investigating, because favourable variances, by definition, must be good. (4)ABC Ltd makes trailers. It receives a special order to produce 350 trailers for a local retail outlet. The order will take 2,100 kg of material that costs $16.10 per kg and will require 1,400 direct labour hours and 525 machine hours. The following are the expected/budgeted annual costs for ABC Ltd: Direct labour $327,600 Direct labour hours 25,795 Direct materials $193,200 Indirect costs $98,400 Machine hours 9,840 Required: Calculate the overhead allocation rate: note that the process is labour-intensive Calculate the total costs of the special order Calculate the cost of the special order if ABC Ltd uses machine time as the basis for allocating overheads Calculate the minimum price per trailer that ABC Ltd could accept. Explain how segmented overhead cost pools and activity based costing can assist accurate costing for pricing purpose (200 words) (5)Write around 500 words explaining how segmenting the overheads can help in allocating overhead costs to individual jobs or services. You must support your discussion by real world examples and acknowledge the source of your information (referencing). Answer: (1)Bonanza Handtools ltd. proposal Performance of the company for the last 12 months Calculation of profitability of Bonanza Hand tools for the last 12 months Sales 2000 units Per unit Selling Price $ 130 Income $26,00,000 Variable cost of manufacturing $50 Total variable cost of manufacturing $100,000 Fixed manufacturing cost 4,00,000 Per unit variable selling and administrative costs $30 Total variable selling and administrative cost $6,00,000 Fixed selling and administrative cost $ 3,00,000 Net profit $3,00,000 Proposal by accountant Jan Rossi Sales 20000 units Per unit Selling price $ 140.00 Income $ 28,00,000.00 Per unit Variable cost of manufacturing $ 50.00 Total variable cost of manufacturing $ 10,00,000.00 Fixed manufacturing costs $ 4,00,000.00 Per unit Variable selling and administrative costs $ 30.00 Total variable selling and administrative cost $ 6,00,000.00 Fixed selling and administrative costs $3,00,000 Advertising cost $1,25,000 Net profit $ 3,75,000.00 Proposal by Tom Tune Sales 25000 units Per unit Selling price $ 130.00 Income $ 32,50,000.00 Per unit Variable cost of manufacturing $ 55.00 Total variable manufacturing cost $ 13,75,000.00 Fixed manufacturing costs $ 4,00,000.00 Per unit Variable selling and administrative costs $ 30.00 Total variable selling and administrative cost $ 7,50,000.00 Fixed selling and administrative costs $3,00,000 Advertising cost $50,000 Net profit $ 3,75,000.00 Proposal by Mary Watson For three months beginning 1 April Rest period Sales 10000 units 14000 units Per unit Selling price $ 120.00 $ 130.00 Revenue $ 12,00,000.00 $ 18,20,000.00 Variable per unit manufacturing cost $ 50.00 $ 50.00 Total variable manufacturing cost $ 5,00,000.00 $ 7,00,000.00 Fixed manufacturing costs $ 4,00,000.00 Variable selling and administrative per unit costs $ 30.00 $ 30.00 Total variable selling and administrative cost $ 3,00,000.00 $ 4,20,000.00 Fixed selling and administrative costs $3,00,000 Net profit $ 4,00,000.00 (Chapman, Hopwood and Shields, 2007) Among the three proposals offered to Bonza Ltd., the first proposal will result not result in the fall of the sales of the organization with the increase in cost per unit by $10. This will be adopted by additional investment in advertising. The company has to focus on improving the quality of the product. If the price of the product increases without increasing the cost of the product, then the volume of sales will reduce (Coombs, Hobbs and Jenkins, 2005). The second proposal by Tom Tune will adopt the strategy of increasing the sales by improving the quality of the product. Although the cost of product will increase but the customers will prefer improved quality products (Epstein and Lee, 2010). The cost of production along with cost of manufacturing will increase. But there is uncertainty that the improve in quality will enhance the sales volume. In the third case, the profitability of the company will increase if the advertisement cost is adjusted. The income of the organization w ill increase in the third proposal. Among the three proposals, the third proposal will be beneficial for the organization (Khan Jain, 2015). (2) Units of sales 150000 Per unit price of selling $15 Income $ 2,250,000 Per unit total cost $12.50 Total cost $ 1,875,000 Total Profit S 375,000 Condition 1 The capacity of Tassie company factory is 2, 00,000 units Units of sales 150000 Per unit price of selling $15 Income $2,250,000 Per unit Total cost $12.50 Total cost $1875000 Extra Units of sales 40,000 Per unit price of sales $15 Income 600,000 Per unit total cost $10.50 Total cost $420,000 Total Profit S 555,000 Condition 2 Capacity of the factory is 180000 units per year Units of sales 150000 Per unit price of selling $15 Income $2,250,000 Per unit Total cost $12.50 Total cost $1875000 Extra Units of sales 30,000 Per unit price of sales $15 Income 450,000 Per unit total cost $10.50 Total cost $315,000 Total Profit S 510,000 From the above two cases, it is evident that the profitability of the company will increase if it supplies additional 400000 units of the product to the government department. If the company sells additional 400000 units then profitability will be $555,000 and the profitability will be $510,000 if it sells additional 300000 units (Doupnik and Salter, 1995) ; (Young, 2015). (3) (a) Budget is the forecast of the future needs of the organization. It helps in the allocation of the resources. Preparation of budget is essential for an organization because it can have control over expenses. The organization will be able to meet the future capital needs. The profit of the organization can be estimated. The sales volume of the organization can be predicted from the estimation of the budget. (b) Budget helps the manager in making key decisions of the organization. The manager will be able to identify the potential opportunities and threats concerning the organization from the budget. The manager can take strategies to overcome the problems encountered. This will help him to deal with business issues. However the business decisions in an organization cannot be controlled by budget. They must not serve as constraints which might lead to instability in the business organization (McCarthy et al., 2012). (c) Sales budget is essential for an organization to identify the capacity of the organization to meet its deadlines. The profitability of the organization will be affected with the decline in the volume of sales. The budget of the organization is prepared on the basis of the resources available in the organization. The goals of the organization can be met by keeping a balance between expenses and income. (d) Realistic budgets may sometimes be de motivating for the organization. It might not be able to derive the best performance. The realistic budget might put excessive pressure on the employees. The higher management authority will put work burden on the employees. The employees have to work hard to meet the deadline. (e) The variances of budget can have adverse effects on the organization. This may reduce the profitability of the organization. Thus the variances have to be monitored. The favorable variances will enhance the growth of the organization in future. The management will be able to identify the major issues affecting the organization by considering the adverse variances from the budget. This will provide better solutions to the organization (Vitez, 2015). (4)1. Overhead allocation rate Rate of labor hour = $ 12.70014 Cost of Labor = $17780.19 Indirect cost = $98400 Cost of material = $33810 Other cost = $6667.571 Overhead allocation rate = $5.5342 Total cost of special order Special order material cost = $43810 Cost of labor = S17780.19 Other cost = $6667.571 Special order total cost = $ 58257.76 Cost of special order of ABC ltd. Rate of overhead per hour = $10 Cost of material = $33810 Cost of labor = $14000 Other cost = $5250 Total cost = $ 53060 Each retailer minimum price of ABC ltd Cost = $58257.76 Units = 350 Minimum cost = $166.45 5. Accurate costing using segmented overhead costs and activity based costing The expenses can be distinguished into fixed and variable using segmented overhead expenses. It helps in segregation of the expenses in the manufacturing of the product. The expenses that have been segmented can be identified with various types of operational assets. This will ensure a positive connection between the expenses that are standard and the operational expenses. The segmentation of the overhead cost will help to identify the various expenses which are related to the cost of production. It will add value to the product. In activity based costing, the variable expenses are recorded and results in apportionment of the items. The stocks can be valued by distribution of the overhead expenses. This will help to know the productive cost of the item. The organization can maximize their value by apportioning the expenses to various cost pools. (5)Segmentation of overhead will help in the allocation of overhead cost to the individual job Segmentation helps in segregating the resources into respective units. The income and expenses can be allocated efficiently with segmentation. It will help the manager of the organization identify the segment of the business that will be profitable for the organization. Majority of the overhead expenses are power, rent, light, depreciation and management expenses that do not occur from a specific department. These expenses must be segregated in order to distribute the expenses efficiently (Kenkel, 2015). Example 1. Indirect allocation cost can be the cost to upgrade the copying and fax machine of organization. The administrative expenses such as supply expenses of ink , paper , petty cash expenses , expenses of communication such as fax bills and phone bills can be considered as overhead expenses. 2. The labor expenses of the organizations that are not directly related to the production or operation of the business is regarded as indirect cost or overhead cost. They include contract workers, consultants, employees that are temporary. Other overhead expenses related to labor includes excess expenses of labor supply , insurance expenses , rents and taxes, 3. Overhead allocation costs can also be fringe benefits. They are generally considered in taxation. Holiday pay, sick leave which is paid and compensated vacation days. Other fringe benefit includes health insurance, life insurance and retirement benefits (Vogt, 2015). References Chapman, C., Hopwood, A. and Shields, M. (2007). Handbook of management accounting research. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Coombs, H., Hobbs, D. and Jenkins, D. (2005). Management accounting. London: SAGE Publications. Doupnik, T. and Salter, S. (1995). Advances in international accounting. Greenwich, Conn.: JAI Press. Epstein, M. and Lee, J. (2010). Advances in management accounting. Bingley: Emerald. Kenkel, P. (2015). Understanding, Allocating, and Controlling Overhead Costs. 1st ed. [ebook] pp.1-6. Available at: https://university.uog.edu/cals/people/pubs/mgt/f217.pdf [Accessed 6 Jan. 2015]. Khan Jain, (2015). Management Accounting. pp.1-13. McCarthy, J., Shelmon, N., Mattie, J. and Gross, M. (2012). Financial and accounting guide for not-for-profit organizations. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Vitez, O. (2015). Why Is it Important for a Business to Budget?. [online] Small Business - Chron.com. Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/important-business-budget-385.html [Accessed 6 Jan. 2015]. Vogt, C. (2015). What Are Examples of Indirect Allocation?. [online] Small Business - Chron.com. Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/examples-indirect-allocation-26377.html [Accessed 6 Jan. 2015]. Young, D. (2015). Management Accounting in Health Care Organizations.